[Grammar in Use] Unit 16

Past perfect continuous
(I had been doing)

• Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window.
  어제아침 나는 일어나 창분을 바라봤다.
• The sun was shining, but the ground was very wet.
  태양은 빛나고 있었지만, 지면은 매우 젖어있었다.
• It had been raining.
  비가 왔었다.

It was not raining when I looked out of the window.
내가 창문으로 밖을 봤을때 비가 오는 중은 아니었다.
The sun was shining. But it had been raining before.
태양은 빚났지만 전에 비가 왔었다.

예문)  해석참고용

• When the boys came into the house,
  소년들이 집에 들어왔을때,
  their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye.
  그들의 옷들은 더러웠고, 그들의 머리는 헝클어졌고, 한명은 눈탱이가 되었다.
  They'd been fighting.
  그들은 싸웠었다.
• I was very tired when I got home. I'd been working hard all day.
  내가 집에 돌아왔을땐 매우 지쳤었다. 하루종일 열심히 일했었다.
• When I went to Madrid a few years ago, I stayed with a friend of mind.
  내가 몇년전에 마드리드를 갔을때, 내 친구와 함께 머물렀다.
  She hadn't been living there very long, but she knew the city very well.
  그녀는 그곳에 오래 머물진 않았지만 그 도시에 대하여 잘 알았다.

You can say that something had been happening for a period of time
before something else happened
이전에 일어난 것또는 상황의 기간중에 일어난 것에 말할때 사용.

예문) 해석참고용

• We'd been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.
  비가 강하게 내릴 쯤, 우리는 약 30분정도 테니스를 치고있었다.
• Paul went to the doctor last Friday. He hadn't been feeling well for some time.
  파울은 지난 금요일날 의사를 찾아갔다. 그는 몇일동안 기분이 좋지 않았다.

예문) 해석참고용

• I hope the bus comes soon. I've been waiting for 20 minutes. (before now)
  나는 그 버스가 곧 올것이라고 생각해, 20분동안 기다렸다.
• James is out of breath. He has been running.
  제임스는 숨이 찬다. 그는 달렸다.

예문) 해석참고용

• At last the bus came. I'd been waiting for 20 minutes. (before the bus came)
  아까 버스가 왔을때, 나는 20분동안 기다렸다.
• James was out of breath. He had been running.
  제임스는 숨이 찼다. 그는 달렸다.

Compare

예문) 해석참고용

• It wasn't raining when we went out. The sun was shining.
  But it had been raining, so the ground was wet.
  우리가 밖에 나갔을때는 태양이 비추고 있었다.
  하지만 비가왔었는지, 지면은 젖어있었다. (이 의미로 해석을 해봤다.)
• Katherine was sitting in an armchair resting.
  She was tired because she'd been working very hard.
  캐서린은 안마의자에서 쉬고있었다.
  그녀는 지쳤다. 왜냐하면 일을 열심히 했기 때문이다.

Some verb (for example, know and like) are not normally used in the continuous.

예문) 해석참고용

• We were good friends.
  우리는 좋은 친구였다.
  We had known each other for years. (not had been knowing)
  우리는 몇년동안 서로 알고지냈다.
• I was surprised when Lisa cut her hair.
  리사가 그녀의 머리를 잘랐을때 나는 놀랐다.
  She'd had long hair since I first met her.(not she'd been having)
  그녀를 처음 만났을때부터 긴 머리를 가졌었다.